The waste of tea factories is a good source for extracting food colorants that can be replaced with synthetic colors in the food industry. The present study was designed and implemented at a semi-industrial scale to complete the results obtained from research that was previously conducted to determine the best extraction method with the highest performance and color stability from black tea wastes on a laboratory scale. Extracting color from the wastes of the tea factory was done using a reverse condensation system with water: ethanol solvent for 30 minutes and at the solvent boiling temperature. After purification and pasteurization, the extract was concentrated, and a part of it was converted into dried extract in a spray dryer. Quality assessments, including microbial, physicochemical, and marketability tests, were performed on the sample. The results demonstrated that the number of microorganisms and heavy metal elements in tea color did not exceed the standard limit. The amount of antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, and caffeine were 94.5 %, 18.3 and 4.7 % in solid color and 49.7, 2.8 and 0.4 % in liquid color, respectively. In the sensory test, applying a solid and liquid color mixture in Gummy candy obtained a higher score (p≤0.05) from the evaluators. In their opinion, there was no significant difference between vinegar with tea color and vinegar with color available in the market. The extracted color can be prepared in liquid and solid form, increasing its usability in various food products.

Annually, lots of useless black tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] residue is produced in Iranian factories; nonetheless, their bioactive compounds can be extracted and used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The investigation, which looked at the extraction of all compounds from tea residue, was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to solve environmental problems related to the disposal of tea residues. Extracting one compound to build a lateral products factory is unprofitable, but extracting all bioactive compounds can increase productivity. Four bioactive substances (caffeine, polyphenol, protein, and fiber) were extraction from four tea residues types (dust, fluff, footstalk, and stalk) that nine tea companies generated in the spring, summer, and autumn, assessed in this study. Caffeine was measured by spectrophotometer, followed by cellulose and polyphenol by weight technique, and protein by micro-Kjeldal. Statistical analysis was done on a split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications (sampling places were randomly selected, and treatments were fixed). The triple effect of residue types, harvest seasons, and factories were significant at a 0.01 level on the levels of caffeine, protein, and fiber, according to the variance analysis findings. The highest amount of caffeine in the dust × summer × Moein factory, followed by protein in the dust × spring × Poltan factory, and fiber in the stalk × autumn × Tohied and Setareh Shomal factories, was observed. Finally, the result demonstrated that consideration must be given to the types of residue, harvest seasons, and factories when using tea factory residues for industrial purposes.

Production planning includes complex topics of production and operation management that according to expansion of decision-making methods, have been considerably developed. Nowadays, managers use innovative approaches to solving problems of production planning. Given that the production plan is a type of prediction, models should be such that the slightest deviation from their reality. In order to minimize deviations from the values stated in the tea industry, two Particle Swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm were used to solve the model. The data were obtained through interviews with Securities and Exchange Organization and those in financial units, industrial, commercial, and production. The results indicated the superiority of birds swarm optimization algorithm in the tea industry.

Several theoretical models for description of the injection locking lasers are presented by previous investigators. Nearly in all of these theories, the temporal and spatial variations of gain of the active medium is neglected. In these theories there levant difference equation of the boundary condition of the input mirror is approximated by an ordinary differential equation and solved. In this paper a classical model for the behavior of the active medium is presented and the governing equations are solved. The time variation of the output power for the injection frequencies are calculated. The results for several detuning angels are presented in this paper, the results are in good-agreement with the previous published data.

Textile and dyeing industries are important industries in every country. Reactive colors soluble in water due to high brightness, low energy consumption and simple application method are one of the most important groups of colors used in the textile industries. Wastewater containing colors such as R198 is hazardous to the ecosystem and health, so a way to remove color from the wastewater is needed. The photocatalytic process is one of the advanced oxidation processes, that has shown the capability for eliminating various toxic and degradable compounds. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were obtained from the purified solution of the residue of Zinc melting factory in Bafgh. The nanoparticles obtained by various devices were studied and analyzed. The formation, purity and optical properties of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) test. Finally, in order to investigate the photocatalytic properties of the nanostructures, NB21 reactive color, which is one of the most applicable and important colors in the textile industry, and is harmful to the environment was removed. The three parameters of color concentration, pH and amount of nanoparticle on its dye under UV rays were studied. The results of X-Ray Diffraction pattern (XRD), represents the crystalline and hexagonal structure of the samples. According to the Transmitted Electron Microscope (TEM) images, the sample has clear spherical shapes and distinct hexagonal dimensions in the range of 40-120 nm. Under optimum conditions, with 15 ml of color solution with concentration 0. 1912 g/L, pH=5 and nanoparticle 0. 06 gram at time interval of 120 minutes with application of bleaching process under UV rays, 94% of the color was degraded.

Introduction: Hemophilia is one of the most important coagulation disorders. At the present time the current treatment is factor replacement which may lead to many socio-economic problems and also transmission of some viral infections. In this study we evaluate an alternative treatment to factor replacement to decrease the aforementioned problems. Material and Methods: This was an interventional study and the statistical population included all Hemophilia patients that referred to Besat Hospital. They were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group of 13 patients and a control group of 15 patients. Tranexamic acid was only used for the intervention group (15 patients). Then the data was assessed by spss win software. Results: In the intervention group bleeding episodes were reduced significantly (from 4.07 episodes per month to 3 episodes per month) and so was the need for factor replacement (from 80.1 u/kg/m to 58.7 u/kg/m). In the control group bleeding episodes and the need for factor replacement did not differ prior to and during the study. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that daily prophylactic use of TEA is effective in reducing bleeding episodes and decreasing the need for factor replacement in hemophilia patients. However, due to increased PTT and decreased serum clotting factors in patients, the risk of life threatening bleeding is likely to be high. Thus we don’t recommend the use of TEA as a prophylactic measure in hemophilia.